Generally, Melasma is seen in pregnant females only but there are cases where it has been reported in non-pregnant females. In addition, it has also been reported in males. The reason has been linked to an excess presence of the female sex hormone, estrogen. Melasma is most common around the 2nd and 3rd decade of life.
The exact cause of Melasma is not known but has been linked to an increase in the skin pigment, melanin. Melanin is responsible for the dark skin color.
Why excess levels of melanin are triggered during pregnancy is not well understood but some of the factors include:
- Genes- as always when something cannot be explained
- Female sex hormones
- Extended sun exposure
- Use of the birth control pill
- Use of medications like the tetracyclines and
anti malarial drugs
There is no evidence that Melasma is related to any skin disorder or a medical illness. In most cases, the female may notice darkening of her skin but generally, it is the physician who notices it first. There are no symptoms when a person develops Melasma. An astute dermatologist can make the diagnosis of Melasma by simple observation. It is very rare for any female to undergo any type of work up for this skin disorder (unless your physician is incompetent)or you have very good medical insurance). A skin biopsy is almost never done.
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